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Understanding Dengue & Malaria

Understanding Dengue & Malaria

1/17/2018 9:42:42 AM

DENGUE

Fast facts in Vietnam

  • Unstable: the peak of the epidemic from June to October every year
  • Most cases and deaths are in the South. 90% of deaths are among those under 15

Transmission

  • Four types of dengue viruses; commonly transmitted by the Aedes aegypti
  • Mother to child transmission

Incubation

  • Depending upon the type of the virus and the level of immunity
  • Symptoms usually begin four to six days after infection

Symptoms

  • High fever
  • Severe headaches
  • Pain behind the eyes
  • Joint and muscle pain
  • Nausea and vomitting
  • Skin rash
  • Bleeding from nose and gums
  • Hypoproteinemia (low protein), hypoalbuminema (low albumin)
  • Pleural effusion (fluid in the lungs), ascites (fluid in the stomach area), hypotension (low blood pressure)
  • Diagnosed by the MAC-ELISA test

Treatment

  • There is currently no cure for dengue fever
  • Treatment for dengue fever involves trying to relieve the symptoms
  • Stay hydrated, sleep enough and relieve the fever

Prevention

  • There is a vaccine but only for those over 9 years old

MALARIA

Fast facts in Vietnam

  • Artemisinin resistance is increasing
  • Most cases and deaths are in the Coastal Middle and the Central Highlands

Transmission

  • Transmitted by the female anopheles mosquito
  • Infected blood used in a blood transfusion and organ donation
  • Mother to child transmission
  • Blood injections

Incubation

  • Depending upon the type of malaria, immune system, and the health of spleen
  • Symptoms usually begin seven to eighteen days after infection. However, those who have taken prophylaxis (medication to prevent infection) may not show symptoms until a year has passed, and sometimes longer.

Symptoms

  • High temperature. The temperature may reach as high as 40°C (104 °F).
  • Sweats and chills
  • Headaches
  • Muscle pains
  • Nausea and vomitting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Severe symptoms may include disorientation, liver failure, kidney failure, respiratory failure, coagulopathy
  • Diagnosed by the blood film test

Treatment

  • Artemisinin
  • Treatments involving trying to relieve the symptoms and complications

Prevention

  • There is a vaccine but only experimental for the time being

GENERAL PREVENTION

  • Avoid mosquito bites: spray, skin scream, wearing long-sleeved clothes when sleeping, sleeping nets, deodorant...
  • Fresh, clean environment, removing standing water, damp areas,... which are reproductive environments for mosquitoes

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