IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN – UNDERSTAND IT TO PROTECT BOTH MOTHER AND BABY

IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN – UNDERSTAND IT TO PROTECT BOTH MOTHER AND BABY 

1. The Role of Iron During Pregnancy 

Iron is an essential micronutrient involved in the production of hemoglobin – the main component of red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen to tissues. During pregnancy, a woman’s blood volume increases by approximately 50% to support fetal development, which significantly raises iron requirements. Iron also plays a vital role in placental development, fetal nervous system formation, and strengthening the immune system for both mother and baby. 

2. Daily Iron Requirements During Pregnancy 

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that pregnant women supplement with 30–60 mg of elemental iron daily. However, according to some experts, the total iron requirement throughout pregnancy can reach 1000–1200 mg, distributed as follows: 

• 350 mg for fetal and placental development 

• 500 mg to increase red blood cell mass 

• 250 mg to compensate for blood loss during delivery 

Iron supplementation should ideally begin during the preconception period and continue throughout pregnancy, even into the postpartum period, to ensure optimal health for both mother and baby. 

3. Common Causes and Risk Factors for Iron-Deficiency Anemia 

Iron-deficiency anemia is a common condition in pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester. Common causes include: 

• A diet low in iron or impaired iron absorption due to gastrointestinal disorders 

• Short intervals between pregnancies, not allowing enough time to replenish iron stores 

• Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets) 

• Severe morning sickness, especially in the first trimester 

• A history of anemia or heavy menstrual bleeding before pregnancy 

• Pregnancy at an early or advanced maternal age 

4. Consequences of Iron-Deficiency Anemia for Mother and Baby 

For the Mother: 

• Fatigue, weakness, and reduced work capacity 

• Increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, placental abruption, and preeclampsia 

• Postpartum hemorrhage and infections 

• Reduced milk production and higher risk of postpartum depression 

For the Baby: 

• Intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight 

• Increased risk of preterm birth and perinatal mortality 

• Impaired physical and cognitive development 

• Higher risk of cardiovascular and neurological disorders later in life 

5. Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Iron-Deficiency Anemia 

Common symptoms include: 

• Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and headaches 

• Pale skin and mucous membranes 

• Rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath (especially during exertion) 

• Brittle nails, dry and thinning hair 

• Difficulty concentrating and increased irritability 

However, early stages may present with no obvious symptoms, making regular prenatal check-ups and blood tests essential for early detection. 

6. Diagnosis of Iron-Deficiency Anemia 

Diagnosis is based on blood tests, particularly hemoglobin (Hb) levels. According to WHO, anemia in pregnancy is defined as Hb < 11 g/dL. Other indicators such as hematocrit and serum ferritin levels are also useful for assessing iron status. 

7. Treatment Options for Iron-Deficiency Anemia 

Oral Iron Supplementation: 

• Use iron tablets or multivitamin supplements containing iron as prescribed by a physician 

• Take iron on an empty stomach or between meals for better absorption 

• Avoid taking iron with tea, coffee, milk, or calcium, which can inhibit absorption 

• Combine with vitamin C-rich foods (e.g., oranges, lemons, guavas) to enhance absorption 

Intravenous Iron Therapy: 
Recommended in cases of: 

• Severe anemia or poor response to oral iron 

• Gastrointestinal side effects (e.g., nausea, constipation) preventing oral intake 

• Gastrointestinal disorders affecting iron absorption 

Blood Transfusion: 
Indicated in cases of very severe anemia (Hb < 7 g/dL) or signs of heart or respiratory failure due to anemia. 

Note: Iron supplementation should always be carried out under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Regular prenatal check-ups and blood tests are essential for early detection and timely treatment of iron-deficiency anemia, ensuring the well-being of both mother and baby. 

At CarePlus Clinic’s Obstetrics Department, we offer effective diagnosis and treatment services throughout pregnancy. Our comprehensive care ensures comfort and peace of mind for every expectant mother during her visit. 

📞 Contact us via our Fanpage or call 1800 6116 (toll-free) for detailed consultation and quick appointment booking.