WHO IS AT RISK FOR ACID REFLUX (GERD)?

Medical review by Dr. Nguyễn Huy Bằng, Ph.D. – Specialist in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

📌 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined as a condition in which stomach acid—sometimes mixed with food—flows back into the esophagus. Common symptoms include:

• Belching immediately after eating

• Heartburn

• Acid regurgitation

• Burning sensation

• Difficulty swallowing

• Sore throat due to esophageal irritation

• Chronic cough

• Hoarseness

Who is at Higher Risk?

GERD can affect people of all ages, including children, adults, and the elderly. However, some groups are at a higher risk, including:

🔸 Overweight and obese individuals

Excessive food intake and excess fat increase pressure on the abdomen and stomach, pushing stomach acid into the esophagus.

🔸 Pregnant women

As the fetus grows, the expanding uterus compresses abdominal organs, particularly the stomach, reducing its volume and leading to acid reflux.

🔸 People taking certain medication

Long-term use of pain relievers, antidepressants, or antihistamines can increase the risk of GERD by causing nausea and affecting stomach function.

🔸 Smokers (including passive smokers)

Nicotine weakens the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and cigarette smoke irritates the digestive lining, making GERD more likely.

🔸 People with underlying medical conditions

Conditions like hiatal hernia or gastroparesis can contribute to acid reflux.

🔸 Individuals with an unhealthy lifestyle

Frequent consumption of acidic, spicy, fried, or fast food, combined with a lack of exercise, increases the risk of GERD.

🔸 People under constant stress

Students during exam periods or office workers facing high job pressure are at higher risk, as stress can increase stomach acid production.

Can GERD Be Controlled?

🗨️ Yes, if diagnosed early and treated properly! However, GERD has a high recurrence rate, with 60-70% of patients experiencing relapse within a year. The good news is that adhering to treatment and making lifestyle adjustments significantly reduces the risk of recurrence.

For refractory GERD (cases unresponsive to medication), surgical intervention may be considered. Before surgery, doctors will conduct endoscopic evaluations and other specialized tests to assess esophageal damage and determine the most suitable treatment plan.

🔰 How to Prevent GERD?

✅ Maintain a healthy diet, avoiding overly acidic, spicy, or greasy foods.
✅ Do not overeat, and avoid lying down immediately after meals.
✅ Exercise regularly to maintain a healthy weight.
✅ Manage stress effectively.
✅ Limit alcohol and tobacco consumption.

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