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NOSEBLEEDS: CAUSES, FIRST AID, AND PREVENTION

Nosebleeds are a common occurrence, especially in young children. Preschoolers may experience at least one nosebleed. While usually not serious, it can be quite concerning for parents.

NOSEBLEEDS: CAUSES, FIRST AID, AND PREVENTION

Causes 

Nosebleeds can happen for various reasons, including: 

  • Colds, infections, or allergies: These can cause nasal membranes to swell and become more prone to bleeding. 

  • Injury: Habitual nose-picking, rubbing, inserting foreign objects, blowing the nose too hard, or physical impact (like bumping into something or a fall) can lead to nosebleeds. 

  • Low humidity or dry weather: These conditions, along with exposure to irritants like smoke, can dry out nasal membranes. 

  • Structural abnormalities or growths: These may include benign tumors or polyps. 

  • Blood clotting disorders: Conditions affecting clotting, such as medications, platelet deficiencies, or clotting factor issues, can increase the risk of nosebleeds. 

  • Chronic illnesses requiring long-term medication or oxygen therapy. 

First Aid 

Many misconceptions exist about how to handle a nosebleed. Here’s what you should and shouldn’t do

What to Do: 

  • Stay calm: Caregivers often feel alarmed when a child has a nosebleed, but it’s important to remain composed so the child doesn’t become scared. Nosebleeds are rarely severe. 

  • Position the child upright or seated, tilting their head slightly forward. 

  • Pinch the soft part of the nose: Use your thumb and forefinger to firmly squeeze both nostrils together for a full 10 minutes without letting go to check. After 10 minutes, release and see if the bleeding has stopped. Repeat once if necessary. 

What Not to Do: 

  • Panic: This can frighten the child and increase crying, which may worsen the bleeding. 

  • Lay the child down or tilt their head back: This can cause blood to flow into the throat, leading to coughing, gagging, or vomiting. 

  • Insert objects like cotton, gauze, or tissues into the nose to stop the bleeding. 

When to See a Doctor 

Seek medical attention if: 

  • The bleeding doesn’t stop after 20 minutes of applying pressure. 

  • Nosebleeds occur frequently or repeatedly. 

  • The bleeding is heavy or fast. 

  • A nosebleed follows an injury. 

  • The child appears pale, sweaty, or unresponsive. 

  • Blood is coming from the mouth, or the child is coughing or vomiting blood (resembling coffee grounds). 

  • You suspect the child has inserted something into their nose. 

  • They bruise easily or bleed excessively from minor injuries. 

  • A new medication was recently started. 

Prevention 

To minimize the risk of nosebleeds: 

  • Keep nasal passages moist: Use saline drops or sprays to hydrate the nasal lining, especially for children prone to colds, nasal congestion, or allergies. 

  • Ensure adequate hydration: Encourage drinking of enough water. 

  • Avoid injuries: Teach children to be cautious to prevent bumps and falls. 

  • Use a humidifier: In cold or dry climates, a humidifier can add moisture to the air. Be sure to clean it regularly to prevent bacteria and mold growth. 

By following these tips and knowing how to manage a nosebleed, you can handle this common issue with confidence and ease! 

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